Building smooth view transitions in React
Achieving nice and performant animations on modern web apps can be a real challenge. Using libraries like React can require a lot CPU activity to update the DOM, not leaving enough room for smooth transitions.
This happened to me in a recent project with view transitions. After debugging and many tries these findings were the most bulletproof solutions.
Building our views
In general, a view looks like a regular React component with some extra lifecycle hooks to handle animations when it enters or gets unmounted.
import { Component } from 'react';
import animate from 'gsap-promise';
class Home extends Component {
componentWillAppear(done) {
// animate view entering...
}
componentWillLeave(done) {
// animate view leaving...
}
render() {
return (
<div className="home--view">
<h1 ref={(el) => (this.title = el)}>home</h1>
<p ref={(el) => (this.content = el)}>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet...</p>
</div>
);
}
}Instead of gsap module, I will use gsap-promise which wraps the original one and returns a Promise when animations are done.
For this to work, the parent component that will render Home and the rest of the views needs to wrap them with TransitionGroup components.
import { Component } from 'react';
import TransitionGroup from 'react-addons-transition-group';
class App extends Component {
render() {
return (
<div className="app--wrapper">
<TransitionGroup>{this.props.children}</TransitionGroup>
</div>
);
}
}Animating views
Let's add some moves to our view.
componentWillAppear(done) {
const duration = 1;
animate
.fromTo(
[ this.title, this.content ],
duration,
{ autoAlpha: 0, scale: .5 },
{ autoAlpha: 1, scale: 1 }
)
.then(done);
}
componentWillLeave(done) {
const duration = 0.75;
animate
.fromTo(
[ this.title, this.content ],
duration,
{ autoAlpha: 1, scale: 1 },
{ autoAlpha: 0, scale: .8, onComplete: done }
)
.then(done);
}Calling done we indicate that the lifecycle sequence should continue.
To make sure out animations will run smooth, we need to hint the browser which elements will require GPU acceleration, give it time so it can upgrade them, animate and when the animations are done, remove hints to free up resources since they are no longer needed.
will-change
The easiest and modern way to point the browser that some element needs to be optimize for GPU is as simple as setting will-change to transform.
This is just adding previous step from animating.
componentWillAppear(done) {
const duration = 1;
// hint the browser about optimizations
animate.set(
[ this.title, this.content ],
{ willChange: 'transform' }
);
animate
.fromTo(
[ this.title, this.content ],
duration,
{ autoAlpha: 0, scale: .5 },
{ autoAlpha: 1, scale: 1 }
)
.then(done);
}Still, this might not just work. Browsers still need time to upgrade the elements affected so animating right away will have no effect.
Time delay
There are two paths we can take here.
We could delay our animation enough time for the browsers to run optimizations but as little as possible so users don’t notice the delay.
The other option is queuing a high priority task using requestAnimationFrame.
componentWillAppear(done) {
const duration = 1;
// hint the browser about optimizations
animate.set(
[ this.title, this.content ],
{ willChange: 'transform' }
);
// wait for next available frame
requestAnimationFrame(() => {
animate
.fromTo(
[ this.title, this.content ],
duration,
{ autoAlpha: 0, scale: .5 },
{ autoAlpha: 1, scale: 1 }
)
.then(done);
});
}First problem, solved.
Remove hints
Accumulating optimized elements in the document can have a negative effect and make things run slower and look worse, so after we are done it’s necessary to reset the property value.
componentWillAppear(done) {
const duration = 1;
// hint the browser about optimizations
animate.set(
[ this.title, this.content ],
{ willChange: 'transform' }
);
// wait for next available frame
requestAnimationFrame(() => {
animate
.fromTo(
[ this.title, this.content ],
duration,
{ autoAlpha: 0, scale: .5 },
{ autoAlpha: 1, scale: 1 }
)
.then(() => {
// set will-change back
return animate.set(
[ this.title, this.content ],
{ willChange: 'auto' }
);
})
.then(done);
});
}Done! Transitioning between views will now be optimized, except when our application first loads.
When trying to figure out the reason, my best guess was that after parsing a big bundle there was a lot of scripting going on.
The browser could be handling lots of DOM updates, paint and layout recalcs, because well… we use JavaScript to write HTML now and that comes at a cost.
The load event
In modern browsers when the load event is triggered, not only all main resources were fetched and parsed but busy tasks like building the render tree are also completed.
Running animations after all of that already happened sounded reasonable.
Placing a listener inside the component could not work since after the load event occurred its callback is ignored, racing condition.
Also, the user might access the app from different routes so it's better to have a centralized approach for this.
To achieve this keeping the code consistent, before we kicked off the application render process, I exposed a global Promise that got resolved when the load event was triggered.
let appResolve;
self.appReady = new Promise((resolve) => {
// expose fulfilled state holder to outer scope
appResolve = resolve;
});
// add event listener and trigger resolve when ready
self.addEventListener('load', appResolve);If you want to understand better how this code works, I wrote an article about it a while ago.
Notice I'm storing the Promise object under the self namespace so it can be accessed by any view and works for any component at any time.
Come together
This is how the final code will look when bringing all the steps and requirements together. The original one contained some cross browser checks and fallbacks.
componentWillAppear(done) {
const duration = 1;
// wait til browser is done with heavy tasks
appReady
.then(() => {
// hint the browser about optimizations
animate.set(
[ this.title, this.content ],
{ willChange: 'transform' }
);
// wait for next available frame
requestAnimationFrame(() => {
animate
.fromTo(
[ this.title, this.content ],
duration,
{ autoAlpha: 0, scale: .5 },
{ autoAlpha: 1, scale: 1 }
)
.then(() => {
// set will-change back
return animate.set(
[ this.title, this.content ],
{ willChange: 'auto' }
);
})
.then(done);
});
});
}If you find yourself writing this same logic repeatedly, it might be worth to build a decorator or a reusable component containing all this logic in just one place.
Wrap-up
Steps to optimize transitions are pretty easy: hint the browser, give it a little time, animate elements and remove hints. This should work independently from the libraries you are using to animate and to manage your views.
The main challenge will be to keep the code straight-forward and reusable.
If you want to know more about will-change there are two excellent articles, one from Paul Lewis and another one from Sara Soueidan, both explaining the nature of this property.
Thanks to Matt DesLauriers for reviewing this article.